A bearing has a typical service life. Bearing failure can occur in several forms such as corrosion, smearing and brinelling. Brinelling means the permanent indentation of a hard surface. It usually happens when the internal raceways of bearings are damaged. The indentation can occur due to improper operation, like excess vibration, which can accelerate other forms of wear. Two common forms of wear:
- Galling - Adhesion between sliding surface
- Spoiling - The flaking off of rolling materials under rolling pressure
Brinelling is named after the Brinell scale of hardness, in which a small ball is pushed against a hard surface at a present level of force. The depth and diameter of the mark that is left indicate the brinell hardness of the surface.
There are two types of Brinelling:
True Brinelling - True brinelling is caused by shock or excessive loads due to improper mounting, dropping of machinery during handling, excessive impact loads during the operating cycle. The signs of true brinelling are regularly-spaced indentation in the rolling and raceway elements and increase in vibrations.
False Brinelling - False brinelling is caused by vibrations acting on the bearing while in a non-rotating state and may occur on new equipment which has been carelessly transported. The signs of this type of brinelling are depression and wear marks in the bearing raceway along the axial direction. This may cause noise or eventual fatigue.
How to prevent brinelling?
Brinelling is typically caused by heavy loads resting on a stationary bearing for an expected length of time. Both true brinelling and false brinelling have different preventive methods.
The best way to prevent true brinelling is to avoid unnecessary shock or high impact loads, and isolate the bearings from external vibration. To prevent false brinelling, reduce or eliminate external vibration and ensure the shaft has been properly packaged during shipment.
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